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The following is a guest post by Oliver Williams. Oliver has been working with CSS grid layout and has learned quite a flake along the way. In this article he'due south going to hop around to unlike concepts that he'southward learned on that journey. I similar this idea of learning piffling bite-sized chunks about filigree layout, through isolated examples where possible. That makes learning the whole thing a bit less intimidating.

CSS filigree looks prepare to land in browsers in early on 2017. Until then you will demand to enable grid for it to work (except in Firefox Nightly where it is enabled past default). Chrome Canary currently has the best implementation. Meanwhile, Firefox has an invaluable add-on called CSS Grid Inspector, which can display the lines of your grid. Information technology is currently the only browser to have such a tool.

In Chrome enter `chrome://flags` into your accost bar, find 'Enable experimental Spider web Platform features' and click enable. IE and Edge have erstwhile implementations unlike from the current spec, and are therefore not recommended for experimenting with grid at this point in time.

Y'all can't have tetris-shaped filigree areas

You'll work this out pretty quickly for yourself.

Your grid areas can only be rectangles (similar the left), not arbitrary polygons (like the right).

Grid is designed to be used with flexbox, not instead of it

Filigree and flexbox can deed in similar ways. You may accept seen people using flexbox to construct grid systems just that'due south non what flexbox was designed for. Information technology's worth reading Jake Archibald'due south blog post Don't employ flexbox for overall folio layout.

A quick mode to think about it is:

Flexbox is for one dimensional layout (row or cavalcade).
CSS grid is for 2 dimensional layout.

Or as Rachel Andrews put it:

Flexbox is essentially for laying out items in a single dimension – in a row OR a column. Grid is for layout of items in two dimensions – rows AND columns.

They can be combined as well. Y'all can turn a grid item into a flex container. You tin can turn a flex item into a grid.

Allow'due south take one useful example. We want to vertically centre the text within a grid item but we want the background (whether a color, a slope or an image) to cover the items entire filigree area. Nosotros tin use the align-items property with a value of center only now the background doesn't make full the whole area of the item. The default for marshal-items is stretch — as before long every bit you set up information technology to whatsoever other value, it no longer fills the infinite. Allow's instead exit it ready to stretch and turn our grid detail into a flex container.

          .filigree {   align-items: stretch; }  .griditem {   brandish: flex;   marshal-items: center; }

Using negative line numbers can be really helpful

Imagine a current CSS grid framework with a 12 column grid. At small-scale screens, rather than reducing the number of columns, the content is told to span all twelve columns, giving the impression of being a single full-width column.

Y'all could exercise this same kind of thing with grid:

          /* For modest screens */ .span4, .span6, .spanAll {   grid-cavalcade-end: span 12; }  /* For large screens */ @media (min-width: 650px) {   .span4 {     grid-column-stop: span 4;   }   .span6 {     grid-cavalcade-end: span 6;   } }

In that location'due south goose egg wrong with this arroyo. However, with CSS filigree, it's just as like shooting fish in a barrel to redefine the number of columns. By using -1, you tin be sure your content will always reach the stop.

          /* For small screens */ .span4, .span6, .spanAll {   grid-column-stop: -1; }

For a large screen y'all may want as many as twelve columns. For a mobile, anywhere between i and four. It's like shooting fish in a barrel to change the grid-template-columns value with a media query.

          .grid {   filigree-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }  @media (min-width: 700px) {   .grid {     grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr);   } }

At that place are likely some elements we desire to span across the whole viewport for all screen sizes, like perhaps the header, footer, or some hero images.

For modest screens nosotros could write:

          .wide {   grid-column: ane / 3; /* start at ane, end at 3 */ }

However, once we make our media query these elements will cover but the first two columns of twelve columns. Nosotros could include the new desired grid-column-finish value of 13 in the same media query but there'southward a far easier method. Merely set the stop value to -1 and it volition span all columns, however many there happen to be. Like:

          .wide, .hero, .header, .footer {   grid-column: 1 / -ane; }

See the Pen Easier media queries with -1 by CSS GRID (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

Grid areas create implicit line names

Named grid template areas and grid line numbers are 2 ways of placing content on the grid only you tin use both placement methods in the same grid. You can also make use of the implicit line names that are created whenever you designate a grid-surface area.

          .grid {   filigree-template-areas: "chief primary sidebar sidebar"; }

With this code, we just created four implicit line names: main-start, master-stop, sidebar-start, and sidebar-cease.

This could be useful if you want to overlap content either over several grid areas or in a particular subsection of one grid area.

Come across the Pen implicit line names with grid areas past CSS-Tricks (@css-tricks) on CodePen.

There is a 2d way of defining grid areas

But like grid areas create line names, specific line names tin create filigree areas. The syntax for defining grid areas looks like:

          .grid {   grid-template-areas:      "header header header"     "main primary sidebar"     "footer footer footer"; }

This syntax tin get somewhat unwieldy if yous accept a lot of empty space in your blueprint (Too many periods! Periods, in lieu of a name, signify an empty cell.) You may not know that there is some other fashion to define grid areas. We can proper noun grid lines whatever we like. However, if we follow the naming convention [proper noun-commencement] and [proper noun-end] we can create grid areas. Here's an example:

          .grid {   display: grid;   grid-template-columns: 20px 100px [main-start] 1fr [main-stop] 100px 20px;   grid-template-rows: 100px [main-beginning] 100px [main-end] 100px; }  .griditem1 {   groundwork-colour: red;   grid-area: chief; }

See the Pen Some other way of defining grid-areas past CSS Filigree (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

You probably wouldn't lay out a whole folio of content with this method, but if you want to combine grid-area placement with line number based placement, it's nice to know about.

Apply vmin for an equal sized box layout

CSS grid allows yous to apply any size unit for your rows and columns. Want equally-sized boxes merely also want them to be responsive? If yous want content that resizes with the container, y'all tin use viewport units.

          .grid {   grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 20vw);   grid-template-rows: echo(5, 20vh); }

This would piece of work perfectly well on desktop and laptop but on mobile phones where the height of the screen exceeds the width, our content will spill over creating a horizontal scroll bar. Dudley Storey recently wrote a blog post nigh the usefulness of a lesser-known css unit: vmin. This unit will exist a percent of the viewport width on a portrait-oriented screen and a percentage of the viewport height on a mural-oriented screen.

          .gridcontainer {   display: grid;   width: 100vw;   height: 100vh;   justify-content: center;   align-content: center;   filigree-template-columns: echo(5, 20vmin);   filigree-template-rows: repeat(5, 20vmin); }

We now have equally-sized boxes that adapt to any screensize.

See the Pen Boxy Layout with CSS Grid and vmin past CSS GRID (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

Absolute positioning

When you absolutely position a grid item, rather than its positioning context existence its container (i.eastward. the entire grid) we tin position information technology in relation to its specified grid-column and grid-row outset and end lines. As usual, position: accented removes an chemical element from the period of the document (i.eastward. it is ignored past other elements). This makes absolute positioning useful if y'all desire to overlap grid items without disrupting the grids auto-placement algorithm. Automobile-placement goes out of its way not to overlap items unless you lot explicitly declare both a grid-column-showtime and grid-row-start value for every item.

Endeavor deleting position: absolute; from the div in this example and retrieve about how many items you'd have to define grid-column and grid-row properties for!

See the Pen preserving auto-placement with position: absolute by CSS Filigree (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

Order works differently from how you might think

If you've used the flexbox order property, so yous already have this covered. All grid items have a default order value of 0. So gild: 1; applied to a grid item would brand after everything else, not before.

Y'all tin apply negative numbers to push items to the front.

Run into the Pen Order value by CSS GRID (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

The limits of minmax

Do yous want columns that as divide space between themselves until they reach a maximum width? You might call back you lot could utilize minmax() like and so:

          .filigree {   brandish: filigree;   filigree-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(1fr, 300px)); }

Unfortunately that isn't going to work. If max is less in value than min, it is ignored. The fr is invalid as a minimum value in minmax(). Notwithstanding, it's a very easy behaviour to achieve. The give-and-take automobile, when used as a value in grid-template-columns or grid-template-rows, will brand the column or row as large as its content.

See the Pen The value of auto vs fr by CSS Filigree (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

Then nosotros can set a max-width on the content:

          .grid {   display: grid;   filigree-template-columns: repeat(3, auto); }  .particular {   max-width: 300px; }

See the Pen The limits of minmax by CSS GRID (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

There might exist good reasons for the way minmax() works and use cases I haven't idea of. Nevertheless, I wrote an entire mail service on Medium entitled The One Matter I Hate Almost Grid.

Things are way easier if you name your filigree lines

There are multiple approaches you tin take. If yous're really into typing, you can give lines multiple names.

          .grid {   grid-template-columns: [col1-start] 1fr [col1-terminate col2-offset] 1fr [col2-end]; }

The easiest naming convention makes utilize of the grids auto-numbering. Nosotros don't accept to blazon [col2], we tin can just type the proper noun col followed past a number.

          .griditem1 {   filigree-column-commencement: col two; }

Combined with the span keyword we can finish thinking nigh line numbers and start thinking in terms of the first cavalcade nosotros want our content to fill and how many columns we want to accept upward, which is far more than intuitive.

          .grid {   grid-template-columns: repeat(4, [col] 100px); }  .griditem1 {   grid-column: col two / span 2; }

The fr unit removes the need for math

Permit'due south say nosotros want to split our grid into 4 equal columns. Information technology'south easy to work out the percentages. Nosotros just write grid-template-columns: 25% 25% 25% 25%.

What if we then want to make apply of the filigree-gap property? grid-gap: 10px. We have three gaps betwixt our columns, so our grid width will at present be 100% + 30px and unwanted horizontal scrolling will appear with some content overspilling the screen on the right side. We could make use of calc to solve our problem, but using the fr unit of measurement is far easier: grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr.

See the Pen fr unit vs percentage by CSS Filigree (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

The second thing I hate nearly grid

There is no way to strength the car-placement algorithm to exit some columns or rows empty

The grid-gap values provides an easy way for spacing our content. While we can specify a carve up value to split our columns and our rows with filigree-row-gap and grid-column-gap, these values must be compatible. If we want to split our start and second row by 10 pixels and our second and third row by 50 pixels, grid offers u.s.a. no way of doing this, other than by creating rows and keeping them empty.
You may accept seen the periods/dots in the grid-template-areas syntax:

          grid-template-areas:    "header header header"   "chief    main   main"   "  .       .       ."   "secondary secondary secondary"   "footer footer footer";

This could have provided a simple mode to control the machine-placement algorithm to cease it from placing items in these areas. Unfortunately, information technology doesn't work similar that: this syntax but denotes that we don't want to plough the tertiary row into a named filigree-area. Auto-placed items will still cease up at that place.

Some design communication: Yous don't necessarily need 12 columns (and columns need non exist compatible in size)

Twelve columns is the default of spider web blueprint. The Bootstrap grid uses 12 columns and just about every other grid framework currently out there. At that place is a good reason for this: twelve is divisible by both three and iv, giving more flexibility in how we can lay out content beyond the folio. We tin carve up our content evenly into 12 parts, six parts, iv parts, 3 parts, or in half.

While some people like the familiarity that comes with consistently using the same grid for every projection, there is no demand to accept more than columns than you lot actually need and you should build the filigree that's correct for your content and desired layout rather than a one-size-fits all gear up-upwards.

Take a look at the examples on Gridset. Gridset is a useful tool for making grids, but once the native CSS filigree module lands yous won't need tools like this. It does showcase some excellently-designed grids.

I took the liberty of remaking one using the CSS grids:

See the Pen text layout with CSS Grid module past CSS Filigree (@cssgrid) on CodePen.

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Source: https://css-tricks.com/things-ive-learned-css-grid-layout/